Purpose
Understand what structure, condition, or movement pattern the test is intended to assess.
Evidence-informed clinical examination library
Special Tests & Examination
A focused reference for learning, reviewing, and comparing orthopedic and medical special tests by anatomical region, clinical purpose, and interpretation.
- 287
- Published tests
- 9
- Body regions
- 4
- Clinical details per test
Built for quick review
Indications, performance steps, findings, and evidence cues in one place.
What this site helps with
Clinical details without the clutter
Each entry is organized to help students and clinicians move from question to examination: when to use a test, how to perform it, what a positive finding means, and where evidence supports interpretation.
Procedure
Follow concise positioning and performance steps for consistent clinical practice.
Interpretation
Review positive findings, clinical meaning, and practical cautions for each test.
Evidence
Compare sensitivity, specificity, and article-based notes when they are available.
Recently added
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Latest Special Tests
Spine Examination
Biceps Femoris Reflex Test: How to Perform, Nerve Roots & Interpretation
Learn how to perform the biceps femoris reflex test, assess S1–S2 nerve root function, grade reflex responses, and interpret abnormal…
Spine Examination
Seated Flexion Test: Procedure, Positive Findings, SI Joint Dysfunction & Diagnostic Accuracy
Learn about the Seated Flexion Test for sacroiliac joint dysfunction, including how to perform it, positive findings, sensitivity, specificity, reliability,…
Spine Examination
Thigh Thrust Test: Procedure, Positive Sign & Accuracy
Learn how to perform the Thigh Thrust Test for sacroiliac joint pain, interpret positive findings, and understand its sensitivity, specificity,…
Spine Examination
Yeoman Test: Procedure, Positive Signs & SI Joint Accuracy
Learn how to perform the Yeoman Test for sacroiliac joint pain, interpret positive findings, and understand its sensitivity, specificity, and…
Spine Examination
Sitting Root Test: Procedure, Positive Signs, and Clinical Significance
Learn how to perform the Sitting Root Test, interpret positive findings, and assess sciatic nerve irritation and lumbar radiculopathy.
Spine Examination
Beevor Sign: How to Perform, Positive Test & Clinical Significance
Learn about Beevor Sign, how to perform the test, positive findings, spinal cord lesion localization, and its role in diagnosing…
Spine Examination
Naffziger Test: Purpose, Procedure, Positive Sign, and Clinical Significance
The Naffziger Test, also called Naffziger's Sign or the Jugular Compression Test, is a traditional neurological examination maneuver used to…
Spine Examination
Cervical Flexion Rotation Test: C1–C2 Assessment and Accuracy
Learn how to perform the Cervical Flexion Rotation Test, interpret positive findings, assess C1–C2 mobility, and identify cervicogenic headaches.
How to study
Move from region to reasoning
Start with an anatomical region, scan the available tests, then open a test page for indications, performance details, and interpretation. The structure is designed for quick review before labs, placements, and clinical discussions.
- Choose a regionShoulder, spine, hip, knee, ankle, pediatric assessment, and more.
- Compare test optionsUse titles, summaries, and categories to find the most relevant examination.
- Review the detailsRead the procedure, positive sign, clinical meaning, and evidence notes.
Anatomical library
Special Tests by Region
21 tests
Ankle & Foot Examination
Ankle & Foot Examination — Comprehensive ankle and foot examination resources covering clinical assessment, common conditions, diagnostic techniques, and key findings for orthopedic evaluation.
27 tests
Elbow Examination
Elbow Examination — Learn how to assess the elbow through clinical examination techniques, common orthopedic conditions, range of motion testing, and diagnostic findings.
26 tests
Hip Examination
Hip Examination — Explore clinical hip examination techniques, including range of motion, special tests, common conditions, and key findings used in orthopedic assessment.
35 tests
Knee Examination
Knee Examination — Comprehensive knee examination resources covering clinical tests, ligament and meniscus assessment, range of motion, common conditions, and orthopedic findings.
13 tests
Neurological Examination
Neurological Examination — Explore neurological examination techniques for assessing motor function, sensation, reflexes, coordination, and neurological signs relevant to clinical diagnosis.
16 tests
Pediatrics Examination
Pediatrics Examination — Pediatric examination resources covering musculoskeletal assessment, developmental findings, common orthopedic conditions, and clinical evaluation techniques for children.
61 tests
Shoulder Examination
Shoulder Examination — Learn shoulder examination techniques, including range of motion, special tests, common injuries, and clinical findings used in orthopedic assessment.
54 tests
Spine Examination
Spine Examination — Comprehensive spine examination resources covering posture, range of motion, neurological assessment, special tests, and clinical findings for spinal conditions.
34 tests
Wrist & Hand Examination
Wrist & Hand Examination — Explore wrist and hand examination techniques, including range of motion, nerve assessment, special tests, common conditions, and clinical findings.